Article 12: Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Country Members

第12条  对发展中国家成员的特殊和差别待遇

 

12.1 Members shall provide differential and more favourable treatment to developing country Members to this Agreement, through the following provisions as well as through the relevant provisions of other Articles of this Agreement.

12.1 各成员应通过下列规定和本协定其他条款的相关规定，对参加本协定的发展中国家成员提供差别和更优惠待遇。

12.2 Members shall give particular attention to the provisions of this Agreement concerning developing country Members rights and obligations and shall take into account the special development, financial and trade needs of developing country Members in the implementation of this Agreement, both nationally and in the operation of this Agreements institutional arrangements.

12.2 各成员应特别注意本协定有关发展中国家成员的权利和义务的规定，并应在执行本协定时，包括在国内和在运用本协定的机构安排时，考虑发展中国家成员特殊的发展、财政和贸易需要。

12.3 Members shall, in the preparation and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, take account of the special development, financial and trade needs of developing country Members, with a view to ensuring that such technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to exports from developing country Members.

12.3 各成员在制定和实施技术法规、标准和合格评定程序时，应考虑各发展中国家成员特殊的发展、财政和贸易需要，以保证此类技术法规、标准和合格评定程序不对发展中国家成员的出口造成不必要的障碍。

12.4 Members recognize that, although international standards, guides or recommendations may exist, in their particular technological and socio-economic conditions, developing country Members adopt certain technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures aimed at preserving indigenous technology and production methods and processes compatible with their development needs. Members therefore recognize that developing country Members should not be expected to use international standards as a basis for their technical regulations or standards, including test methods, which are not appropriate to their development, financial and trade needs.

12.4 各成员认识到，虽然可能存在国际标准、指南和建议，但是在其特殊的技术和社会经济条件下，发展中国家成员可采用某些技术法规、标准或合格评定程序，旨在保护与其发展需要相适应的本国技术、生产方法和工艺。因此，各成员认识到不应期望发展中国家成员使用不适合其发展、财政和贸易需要的国际标准作为其技术法规或标准、包括试验方法的依据。

12.5 Members shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to them to ensure that international standardizing bodies and international systems for conformity assessment are organized and operated in a way which facilitates active and representative participation of relevant bodies in all Members, taking into account the special problems of developing country Members.

12.5 各成员应采取其所能采取的合理措施，以保证国际标准化机构和国际合格评定体系的组织和运作方式便利所有成员的有关机构积极和有代表性地参与，同时考虑发展中国家的特殊问题。

12.6 Members shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to them to ensure that international standardizing bodies, upon request of developing country Members, examine the possibility of, and, if practicable, prepare international standards concerning products of special interest to developing country Members.

12.6 各成员应采取其所能采取的合理措施，以保证国际标准化机构应发展中国家成员的请求，审查对发展中国家成员有特殊利益产品制定国际标准的可能性，并在可行时制定这些标准。

12.7 Members shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 11, provide technical assistance to developing country Members to ensure that the preparation and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to the expansion and diversification of exports from developing country Members. In determining the terms and conditions of the technical assistance, account shall be taken of the stage of development of the requesting Members and in particular of the least-developed country Members.

12.7 各成员应依照第11条的规定，向发展中国家成员提供技术援助，以保证技术法规、标准和合格评定程序的制定和实施不对发展中国家成员出口的扩大和多样化造成不必要的障碍。在确定技术援助的条款和条件时，应考虑提出请求的成员、特别是最不发达国家成员所处的发展阶段。

12.8 It is recognized that developing country Members may face special problems, including institutional and infrastructural problems, in the field of preparation and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures. It is further recognized that the special development and trade needs of developing country Members, as well as their stage of technological development, may hinder their ability to discharge fully their obligations under this Agreement. Members, therefore, shall take this fact fully into account. Accordingly, with a view to ensuring that developing country Members are able to comply with this Agreement, the Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade provided for in Article 13 (referred to in this Agreement as the “Committee”) is enabled to grant, upon request, specified, time-limited exceptions in whole or in part from obligations under this Agreement. When considering such requests the Committee shall take into account the special problems, in the field of preparation and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures, and the special development and trade needs of the developing country Member, as well as its stage of technological development, which may hinder its ability to discharge fully its obligations under this Agreement. The Committee shall, in particular, take into account the special problems of the least-developed country Members.

12.8各方认识到发展中国家成员在制定和实施技术法规、标准和合格评定程序方面可能面临特殊问题，包括机构和基础设施问题。各方进一步认识到发展中国家成员特殊的发展和贸易需要以及它们所处的技术发展阶段可能会妨碍它们充分履行本协定项下义务的能力。因此，各成员应充分考虑此事实。为此，为保证发展中国家成员能够遵守本协定，授权根据本协定第13条设立的技术性贸易壁垒委员会(本协定中称“委员会”)，应请求，就本协定项下全部或部分义务给予特定的、有时限的例外。在审议此类请求时，委员会应考虑发展中国家成员在技术法规、标准和合格评定程序的制定和实施方面的特殊问题、它们特殊的发展和贸易需要以及所处的技术发展阶段，这些均可妨碍它们充分履行本协定项下义务的能力。委员会应特别考虑最不发达国家成员的特殊问题。

12.9 During consultations, developed country Members shall bear in mind the special difficulties experienced by developing country Members in formulating and implementing standards and technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, and in their desire to assist developing country Members with their efforts in this direction, developed country Members shall take account of the special needs of the former in regard to financing, trade and development.

12.9在磋商过程中，发达国家成员应记住发展中国家成员在制定和实施标准、技术法规和合格评定程序过程中遇到的特殊困难，为帮助发展中国家成员在这方面的努力，发达国家成员应考虑前者特殊的财政、贸易和发展需要。

12.10 The Committee shall examine periodically the special and differential treatment, as laid down in this Agreement, granted to developing country Members on national and international levels.

12.10委员会应定期审议本协定制定的在国家和国际各级给予发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇。